Inhibition of its action by etanercept reduces the inflammatory response, which is especially useful for treating autoimmune diseases. It mediates the immune response by attracting additional white blood cells to sites of inflammation and through additional molecular mechanisms that initiate and amplify inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes and macrophages, two types of white blood cells. Mechanism of action Įtanercept reduces the effect of naturally present TNF, and hence is a TNF inhibitor, functioning as a decoy receptor that binds to TNF. Serious infections and sepsis, including fatalities, have been reported with the use of etanercept including reactivation of latent tuberculosis and hepatitis B infections. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning on etanercept due to a number of serious infections associated with the drug. chronic severe plaque psoriasis pediatric plaque psoriasis.severe non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.active and progressive psoriatic arthritis.polyarthritis (rheumatoid-factor-positive or -negative) and extended oligoarthritis in children and adolescents.severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis.

moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis.In the European Union, etanercept is indicated to treat: Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis (April 2004).Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) (July 2003).Moderate to Severe Polyarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (May 1999).Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (Nov 1998).In the United States, etanercept is indicated for: It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is a large molecule, with a molecular weight of 150 kDa, that binds to TNFα and decreases its role in disorders involving excess inflammation in humans and other animals, including autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and, potentially, in a variety of other disorders mediated by excess TNFα. These investigators also patented the protein, selling all rights to its use to Immunex, a biotechnology company that was acquired by Amgen in 2002. Beutler, an academic researcher then at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, and his colleagues. The prototypic fusion protein was first synthesized and shown to be highly active and unusually stable as a modality for blockade of TNF in vivo in the early 1990s by Bruce A. Finally, they expressed the linked DNA to produce a protein that links the protein for TNF receptor 2 to the protein for IgG1 Fc. Third, they linked the DNA for TNF receptor 2 to the DNA for IgG1 Fc. Second, they isolated the DNA sequence that codes the human gene for the Fc end of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). First, the developers isolated the DNA sequence that codes the human gene for soluble TNF receptor 2, which is a receptor that binds to tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

It fuses the TNF receptor to the constant end of the IgG1 antibody.

Įtanercept is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA. Etanercept has the potential to treat these diseases by inhibiting TNF-alpha. Autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune response. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is the 'master regulator' of the inflammatory (immune) response in many organ systems. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. Etanercept, sold under the brand name Enbrel among others, is a biologic medical product that is used to treat autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a soluble inflammatory cytokine, by acting as a TNF inhibitor.

Intacept cost